2023年胡適之先生紀念演說 第11回 :意猶未盡: 胡適之先生及其摯友們徐志摩、丁文江等與俄羅斯、烏克蘭
:胡適《沁園春·新俄萬歲》1917........ 《Stalin 戰略下的中國》1950。記烏克蘭20~21世紀的悲劇。胡適、楊振寧太太的美國簽證困擾與解決 1949~1960...... Why the world must stand up to Putin. "烏克蘭的大饑荒更多是人為造成,而且是惡意為之"。Flag of Ukraine烏克蘭國旗史;「青の空と黄の麦畑」。胡適重視蘇聯的第1期5年計畫的成果分析1934.12.11 /至少三到五百萬烏克蘭人在1932-33年間餓死https://www.facebook.com/hanching.chung/videos/757405909153249
《論胡適的詩》是周策縱1977.8.5給唐德剛的長信,收入唐的《胡適雜憶》,又收入【周策縱 文集*】(下,648頁)(香港:商務,2010, 頁401-12
《論胡適的詩》很長,現在只談文末談
《沁園春·新俄萬歲》
-----胡適日記1917.4.17;投《新青年》;收入《嘗試集》。詠十月革命前的三月革命
客子何思? 凍雪層 (《新青年》作"春")冰, 北國名都。
想 (月刊作"有"。日記原作"想",後改作"看"。"想"字較好)烏衣蘭帽, 軒昂少年,
指揮殺賊, 萬眾歡呼。
去獨夫“沙”, 張自由幟, 此意於(日記作"如")今果不虛。
論代價, 有百年文字, 多少頭顱。
冰天十萬囚徒, 一萬里飛來大赦書。 本為自由來, 今同他去;
與民賊戰, 畢竟誰輪! 拍手高歌, “新俄萬歲!” 狂態君休笑老胡。
從今後, 看這般快事, 後起誰歟?
末論毛澤東1930年代著名的《沁園春》,下意識大受胡適《沁園春·新俄萬歲》的影響。
周策縱先生說《沁園春·新俄萬歲》是胡適年輕時代舊體詩詞中較熱情的一例。"但仔細讀來,覺得他還是在發宣言、寫檄文。風格略近辛稼軒,不及蘇東坡的高雋。他一再鼓吹自由,沒強調個人英雄主義,還算差勝一籌。沉重一面,卻仍然不足。" (頁142)
The Economist
The optics of the two presidents, Joe Biden and Volodymyr Zelensky, walking side-by-side in Kyiv certainly offered a strong counterbalance to those urging Ukraine to concede territory. Read more: https://econ.st/3Idb6g9
2023年胡適之先生紀念演說 第11回 意猶未盡: 胡適之先生等家庭如何取得留美簽證 19491960---《胡適之先生年譜長編初稿 補篇》pp.146~147 中的說明很清楚:
當總統走入戰區:拜登大膽而祕密的烏克蘭之行
PETER BAKER, MICHAEL D. SHEAR
為表明美國幫助烏克蘭擊退俄羅斯的決心,拜登祕密前往基輔與澤倫斯基會晤,並承諾提供更多武器。此行被認為存在高度風險,但向世界展示了一個堅定的姿態。
烏克蘭的大饑荒的側寫,可參考丁文江的《蘇俄旅行記》 1933。
Why the world must stand up to Putin
March 3rd 2022
The Economist this week
Highlights from the latest issue
In the hectic days since Vladimir Putin marched into Ukraine we have been assessing his rapidly unfolding campaign—a tale of Ukrainian courage, Russian military setbacks, Western sanctions and political repression in Moscow. Stay up to date with all of our coverage of the war here.
For the weekly edition, we have brought all our reporting and analysis together. That starts with the heroism and resilience of the Ukrainian people. In the first days of war, Russia’s armoured might shrivelled before the courage of the nation it had attacked. In the face of Mr Putin’s aggression, Ukrainians have discovered they are ready to die for the idea that they should choose their own destiny. To a cynical dictator that must be incomprehensible. To the rest of humanity it is an inspiration.
If only this week’s bravery were enough to bring the fighting to an end. Alas, Russia’s president will not withdraw so easily. From the start, Mr Putin has made clear that this is a war of escalation—a hygienic term for a dirty and potentially catastrophic reality. At its most brutal, escalation means that, whatever the world does, Mr Putin threatens to be more violent and more destructive even, he growls, if that means resorting to a nuclear weapon. And so he insists that the world back off while he sharpens his knife and sets about his slaughter.
Such a retreat must not happen. Not only because to abandon Ukraine to its fate would be wrong, but also because Mr Putin will not stop there. Escalation is a narcotic. If Mr Putin prevails today, his next fix will be in Georgia, Moldova or the Baltic states. He will not stop until he is stopped.
https://www.facebook.com/hanching.chung/videos/662545654945696
In a sign of solidarity, the Brandenburger Tor in Berlin lit up in the colors of the Ukrainian flag last night. A few hours later, the Russian military attacked Ukraine and now there is war in Europe.
0:11 / 0:26
Flag of Ukraine
Use | National flag and state ensign |
---|---|
Proportion | 2:3 |
Adopted | 1848 (originally) 22 March 1918 (officially adopted) 24 August 1991 (de facto restored) 28 January 1992 (current design) |
Design | A horizontal bicolour of blue and yellow |
Name | Naval ensign |
Use | Naval ensign |
Proportion | 2:3 |
Adopted | 20 June 2006 |
Design | White with a blue Saint George's cross that extends to the edges of the flag, and with the national bi-colour in the canton. |
The flag of Ukraine is a banner of two equally sized horizontal bands of blue and yellow
一般的には「青の空と黄の麦畑」を表す旗として解釈されている。
我們來讀讀尼爾・弗格森《末日:致命溫疫、核災、戰爭與經濟崩盤,災難對人類社會的啟示》。1930年代,蘇俄發生了大饑荒。這一方面是氣候問題,窩瓦河地區、哈薩克、西伯利亞和烏克蘭中部都遭遇乾旱。不過更大的原因是史達林的農業集體化政策,造成生產力下降,而史達林還把糧食出口量上調。幾個因素加在一起,加上1931年的氣候異常,大饑荒便發生了。飢荒影響了蘇聯全境,但是,受創最深的是烏克蘭,為什麼呢?//當饑荒席捲烏克蘭時,中央政治局卻頒布了兩項法令,明確將農業產量下降歸咎於1920年代的「烏克蘭化」政策(該政策讓烏克蘭蘇維埃社會主義共和國〔Ukrainian Soviet Republic〕擁有一定的自治權)。法令一出,烏克蘭的共產黨官員便遭到大規模清洗,許多不受信任的學者和知識分子也受到言語和生理上的攻擊。在烏克蘭黨中央書記拉札・卡崗諾維奇(Lazar Kaganovich)的領導下,「積極分子」組成一支支隊伍,跑到烏克蘭農村去徹底搜刮農舍,尋找任何可食用的東西。走投無路的鄰居們為了能得到麵包屑而相互告密。烏克蘭的死亡率比俄羅斯高出三倍,哈薩克的情況更是令人絕望。//也就是說,一旦問題控制不住的時候,被檢討的代罪羔羊是誰?在史達林心目中,大饑荒不可能是他的政策的錯,只能是烏克蘭農場主惡意怠工,因此要整肅他們。大饑荒死了五百萬人,蘇聯人口的3%,但是烏克蘭地區的死亡率卻高達18%。//有些歷史學者認為,史達林並沒有打算對烏克蘭和哈薩克遊牧民實施種族滅絕政策,也許真的沒有吧。但史達林所抱持的階級戰爭概念已經隱含了恐怖統治,乃至大規模屠殺。......相較之下,烏克蘭的大饑荒更多是人為造成,而且是惡意為之。//
聶伯城(Dnipropetrovsk)不知道上述資訊是否為胡先生所知曉?是至今面臨重新探索歷史的最大城市(烏克蘭第四大城),這座城在 1926年由烏克蘭共產黨領導人格里戈里‧彼得羅夫斯基(Gri goriy Petrovskiy)命名。彼得羅夫斯基曾協助執行蘇聯的「 飢餓滅絕」(Holodomor)政策: 從烏克蘭農民中強制徵用食物而導致大規模的飢荒, 據估計至少三到五百萬烏克蘭人在1932-33年間餓死。 即使該城有約四分之一的人口死於這場人為的饑荒, 但彼得羅夫斯基仍在1933年九月宣稱「 集體農場終於擊敗敵視該體制的所有敵人」。 聶伯城現今的名稱因此成為當局忽視(或者記憶) 發生在該地的蘇聯歷史中可怕的一頁。
烏克蘭的大饑荒的側寫,可參考丁文江的《蘇俄旅行記》 1933。
蘇聯的第1期五年計畫
The first five-year plan (Russian: I пятилетний план, первая пятилетка) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a list of economic goals, created by General SecretaryJoseph Stalin and based on his policy of Socialism in One Country. It was implemented between 1928 and 1932.
The Results of the Five-year Plan
胡適1934.12.11 日記有下文之摘述:
Economist, Sep 8,1934 , Russia's Planned Economy Part I. Profit and Loss
"Russia's Planned Economy," New York Times, October 30, 1934.
The Complete Bibliography of Henry Hazlitt : Resources ...
fee.org/resources/detail/the-complete-bibliography-of-henry-hazlitt
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