胡適日記：讀《 麗莎傳》 1915.8.31
讀屠格涅夫 Ivan Turgenev 名著小說《 麗莎傳》(Lisa)。生平所讀小說，當以此為最哀怨矣˙。其結章尤使人不忍卒讀。
政治社会的な問題を主題とした『貴族の巣』（1859年）
- 《貴族之家》（1859）
- 1859 – Dvoryanskoye gnezdo (Дворянское гнездо), English translations: A Nest of Gentlefolk (Coulson), A House of Gentlefolk(Garnett), Home of the Gentry (Freeborn). Also known as Liza.
| C.D. Warner, et al., comp. The Library of the World’s Best Literature. An Anthology in Thirty Volumes. 1917. H. R. Keller. The Reader’s Digest of Books. |
| Liza, or a Noble Nest |
| Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883) |
| Liza-Dvoryanskoe Gnyezdo (Nest of Nobles), by Ivan Sergéevich Turgenev (1858; English translation 1869). The story of this gloomy novel is not easily analyzed, but a bare statement of the plot would run thus: Maria Dmitrievna Kalitine, a rich widow living in a Russian provincial town, has a beautiful daughter Liza, who is deeply religious. Vladimir Nikolaevich Panshin, who pays court to her, is a young man with charming manners and an easy flow of egotistical talk. Presently appears Fedor Ivanovich Lavretsky, a distant cousin of Maria Dmitrievna, who is known to live unhappily with his wife. Between his father, a despotic, narrow-minded egotist, and his aunt Glafira, a harsh, fierce old woman, Lavretsky’s bringing-up has been a strange and solitary one; and at the age of twenty-three he naturally falls in love with the first pretty girl he sees,—Varvara Pavlovna Korobine,—whom he marries. As she detests Russia, they finally settle in Paris, where he discovers her faithlessness and leaves her. Maria Dmitrievna receives him cordially, and he becomes a frequent visitor to the house. Little by little he and Liza fall in love; and upon the complications that thus arise, the interest of the story is founded. The difficult situations are skillfully managed, and the reader cannot resent the sadness of the tale as needless, because it results inevitably from the conditions. Like all Turgenev’s books, the chief interest of ‘Liza’ lies in its study of character. |
Home of the Gentry (Russian: Дворянское гнездо Dvoryánskoye gnezdó pronounced [dvɐˈrʲanskʲɪɪ ɡnʲɪˈzdo]), also translated as A Nest of the Gentlefolk and A Nest of the Gentry, is a novel by Ivan Turgenev published in the January 1859 issue of Sovremennik. It was enthusiastically received by the Russian society and remained his least controversial and most widely read novel until the end of the 19th century. It was turned into a movie by Andrey Konchalovsky in 1969.
Plot summary[edit]
The novel's protagonist is Fyodor Ivanych Lavretsky, a nobleman who shares many traits with Turgenev. The child of a distant, Anglophile father and a serf mother who dies when he is very young, Lavretsky is brought up at his family's country estate home by a severe maiden aunt, often thought to be based on Turgenev's own mother, who was known for her cruelty.
Lavretsky pursues an education in Moscow, and while he is studying there, he spies a beautiful young woman at the opera. Her name is Varvara Pavlovna, and he falls in love with her and asks for her hand in marriage. Following their wedding, the two move to Paris, where Varvara Pavlovna becomes a very popular salon hostess and begins an affair with one of her frequent visitors. Lavretsky learns of the affair only when he discovers a note written to her by her lover. Shocked by her betrayal, he severs all contact with her and returns to his family estate.
Upon returning to Russia, Lavretsky visits his cousin, Marya Dmitrievna Kalitina, who lives with her two daughters, Liza and Lenochka. Lavretsky is immediately drawn to Liza, whose serious nature and religious devotion stand in contrast to the coquettish Varvara Pavlovna's social consciousness. Lavretsky realizes that he is falling in love with Liza, and when he reads in a foreign journal that Varvara Pavlovna has died, he confesses his love to her and learns that she loves him in return.
After they confess their love to one another, Lavretsky returns home to find his supposedly dead wife waiting for him in his foyer. It turns out that the reports of her death were false, and that she has fallen out of favor with her friends and needs more money from Lavretsky.
Upon learning of Varvara Pavlovna's sudden appearance, Liza decides to join a remote convent and lives out the rest of her days as a nun. Lavretsky visits her at the convent one time and catches a glimpse of her as she is walking from choir to choir. The novel ends with an epilogue which takes place eight years later, in which Lavretsky returns to Liza's house and finds that, although many things have changed, there are elements such as the piano and the garden that are the same. Lavretsky finds comfort in his memories and is able to see the meaning and even the beauty in his personal pain.
Major themes[edit]
Ultimately, Turgenev concludes that the truth is best left unstated. He concludes the novel by stating that he could not possibly explain what Lavretsky and Liza felt, and that it is better to point out these individual tragedies and pass them by.
Turgenev wrote the novel shortly after his 40th birthday, and it expresses some of his feelings about middle age, as its protagonist is forced to confront the mistakes of his past and determine what options are left for his dwindling future.
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