Statements issued by President Truman, dated 27-06-1950 ；杜魯門下令第七艦隊「協防」台灣(溫紳)

本日日記無法讀：胡適日記全集, 第 8 卷: 1940-1952

在中國版的胡適日記1950-1962
1950.6.27 只貼一張Truman's Statement 簡報。不知是否故意：".....底本模糊不清，從略。"

On June 27, 1950, President Truman issued the following statement:^[2]

"The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations and will now use armed invasion and war. It has defied the orders of the Security Council of the United Nations issued to preserve international peace and security. In these circumstances the occupation of Formosaby Communist forces would be a direct threat to the security of the Pacific area and to United States forces performing their lawful and necessary functions in that area. "Accordingly, I have ordered the 7th Fleet to prevent any attack on Formosa. As a corollary of this action, I am calling upon the Chinese Government on Formosa to cease all air and sea operations against the mainland. The 7th Fleet will see that this is done. The determination of the future status of Formosa must await the restoration of security in the Pacific, a peace settlement with Japan, or consideration by theUnited Nations."

President Truman later ordered John Foster Dulles, the Foreign Policy Advisor to U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson, to carry out his decision on neutralizing Taiwan in drafting the Treaty of San Francisco of 1951 (the peace treaty with Japan), which excluded the participation of both the ROC and the PRC. No recipient was specified in the treaty of Taiwan's sovereignty, which supporters ofTaiwan independence have used to argue for their position.^[3] According to the author George H. Kerr, a supporter of Taiwanese independence, in his book Formosa Betrayed, the political status of Taiwan was under the trust of the Allied Powers (against Japan). It would be the responsibility of the United Nations if this could not be resolved in near future as designed in the peace treaty.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Taiwan_Strait_Crisis

Statement by President Truman on the Situation in Korea

June 27, 1950

In Korea, the Government forces, which were armed to prevent border raids and to preserve internal security, were attacked by invading forces from North Korea. The Security Council of the United Nations called upon the invading troops to cease hostilities and to withdraw to the 38th parallel. This they have not done, but on the contrary have pressed the attack. The Security Council called upon all members of the United Nations to render every assistance to the United Nations in the execution of this resolution. In these circumstances I have ordered United States air and sea forces to give the Korean Government troops cover and support.

The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations and will now use armed invasion and war. It has defied the orders of the Security Council of the United Nations issued to preserve international peace and security. In these circumstances the occupation of Formosa by Communist forces would be a direct threat to the security of the Pacific area and to United States forces performing their lawful and necessary functions in that area.

Accordingly I have ordered the 7th Fleet to prevent any attack on Formosa. As a corollary of this action I am calling upon the Chinese Government on Formosa to cease all air and sea operations against the mainland. The 7th Fleet will see that this is done. The determination of the future status of Formosa must await the restoration of security in the Pacific, a peace settlement with Japan, or consideration by the United Nations.

I have also directed that United States Forces in the Philippines be strengthened and that military assistance to the Philippine Government be accelerated.

I have similarly directed acceleration in the furnishing of military assistance to the forces of France and the Associated States in Indochina and the dispatch of a military mission to provide dose working relations with those forces.

I know that all members of the United Nations will consider carefully the consequences of this latest aggression in Korea in defiance of the Charter of the United Nations. A return to the rule of force in international affairs would have far-reaching effects. The United States will continue to uphold the rule of law.

I have instructed Ambassador Austin, as the representative of the United States to the Security Council, to report these steps to the Council.

Public Papers of the Presidents, Truman Presidential Museum and Library, www.trumanlibrary.org
Provided courtesy of The American Presidency Project. John Woolley and Gerhard Peters. University of California, Santa Barbara.

http://www.twtimes.com.tw/index.php?page=news&nid=339031

台灣史上大小事／溫紳專欄　 杜魯門下令第七艦隊「協防」台灣 2013-06-27

舉世震驚的韓戰在1950年6月25日爆發後的第三天 ，對於流亡來台的國民黨政權而言，原本以為已被美國國務卿艾契遜發表白皮書而準備死守的局面，突如其來因為杜魯門下令第七艦隊「協防」台灣 ! 藉此巡弋台灣海峽的動作以遏止中共妄想對台攻擊之企圖，遂使蔣介石在1950年6月27日這關鍵性的一天得能茍延殘喘，甚至於還同步主動向美方釋出「願出兵3萬3千個國軍參與韓戰」的訊息，呼應聯合國軍最高司令官的麥克阿瑟將軍，準備動員國軍追隨其打到中國邊界鴨綠江的反攻計劃。 　然而，麥帥這位戰爭史上叱?風雲的老兵，由於蔣介石「出兵3萬3千國軍參與韓戰」的建議遭到國務卿艾奇遜否決，但在東京坐鎮的「五星上將」卻與蔣介石產生惺惺相惜情愫，於是動身親自飛來台北與蔣介石舉行兩次會談，並發表以下談話：「此次台灣行，主要是考察若遭攻擊時之自衛能力。台灣地區不許被軍事侵略的決策已定，若有武力進犯，我所指揮的美軍部隊與國軍協同作戰已達成協議！我衷心感佩蔣介石徹底反共和保衛台澎的堅強決心…與美國利害關係與目的是一致的。」 　對於台灣有著功不可沒的，並且也被蔣介石讚譽為「智仁勇兼備之模範軍人與政治家」的麥帥，係於韓戰爆發後的第三天便主動向美方釋出訊息，指派美軍副參謀長福克斯出任「駐華軍事聯絡組長」，大量美援物資開始運補國軍。連美國空軍第13航空隊也正式「借駐台灣」，海軍第七艦隊更是從此持續穿梭巡弋於台灣海峽，堪稱讓蔣介石流亡政權吃下定心丸；不過，麥帥後來繼續發表「台灣陸軍是亞洲最大的反共武力，美方應充分協助其打回中國大陸」之意見，踩到杜魯門總統之紅線，不旋踵於隔年慘遭解職。 　台灣對於這位老兵的雪中送炭行止，非常感念在心，因此，當第一條高速公路在1964年5月2日啟用時，便以「麥帥公路」名之。這段台北至基隆的23公里路段，雖已在「中山高」通車後被併入，但仍標誌著麥帥與台灣的聯繫。其後，經過長期交涉，台美雙方還簽署了《中美共同防禦條約》（Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty），這是美國與中華民國的台灣當局所簽訂的正式國際條約，條約內容是以軍事為基礎，同時也包含政治、經濟、社會等多目標合作的條約，直至一九七九年元旦，美中在建交公報所發布的聲明中，《中美共同防禦條約》依照公報第十條之規定，美方於照會中華民國一年後即告失效，隨後，美國國會再通過《台灣關係法》，對中華民國予以延續雙方長期之實質軍事合作關係。 　這份由當時外交部長葉公超與美國國務卿杜勒斯所簽訂的十條《中美共同防禦條約》中，內容明白指出：台澎金馬地區的領土保存及政治安定，如果遭遇到外界武力攻擊、以及共產黨的破壞時，兩國應相互援助抵抗！而且，為了防禦上述地區及週圍，台灣當局允許美國陸海空三軍軍備之需，意即，如果台灣地區發生戰爭時，美軍便有義務協防台灣；而台灣如果沒有經過美國同意，也不得對中國大陸發動軍事行動。換言之，中共想解放台灣、或是台灣想反攻大陸，都會遭到美國的干預，對於這種阻隔台海兩岸的「防禦」國共擦槍走火的條約，杜勒斯國務卿在簽約前一天還特別召開記者會，當時之態度是很明確得宣示該條約意義如下： 　(一)向各國宣示：明白表示中華民國在國際外交的地位，並明白表示台澎絕沒有被置於任何國際解決討價還價的櫃檯上；因為，沒有條約根據，已使當時若干人士誤認美國可能會以台澎交換中國共產黨的讓步，此項條約顯示美國將不在任何國際密約中用台灣作買賣。 　(二)向中國宣示：驅散中國對美國協防中華民國的認真保證所存的可能懷疑，除中國之外亦有許多國際人士心存懷疑，如此宣示將可明確消弭。 　(三)向中華民國宣示：調整台美兩國政府間的軍事安排，原本第七艦隊的安排是根據與韓戰有關之總統命令行事。這項命令日後可能隨時撤消，但《中美共同防禦條約》可使雙方共同軍事安排放置在長期正式的條約基礎上。 對於這種「干涉中國內政」的《共同防禦條約》，當時的中共外長周恩來，隨即在六天之後正式發表聲明，指控「美國政府不顧中國人民的反對和警告，竟和逃竄到台灣的蔣介石賣國集團簽訂共同防禦條約，其實是用來將美國自己武裝略台灣的行為合法化，並以台灣為基地擴大對中國的侵略、甚至準備新的戰爭」。聲明中還譴責美國，批判這是「嚴重的挑釁」，態度異常強硬，並於隔年的元月間，中共為測試美軍協防台灣的能耐，便對國軍所佔領的浙江外海之一江山群島及大陳島，展開海空砲擊，美國見狀果然馬上指派第十八轟炸大隊移駐台灣，並派出第七艦隊協助國軍撤離一江山群島及大陳島！結果，大陳島軍民雖然是全部安全轉進台灣，其中包含馬英九辦公室副執行長羅志強的雙親；但一江山群島上的七百二十位國軍卻奉命死守而悉數壯烈成仁，蔣介石為此還在台北市區設立一江街及「一江公園」以資悼念，而中共在大陳島撤退過程中，也不敢越過雷池或動武追擊，形同默認美軍插手兩岸事務，因此，奠下台海長達一甲子以來的隔海分治的既成事實。 　《中美共同防禦條約》雖然保障台灣免於解放軍跨海襲擊之虞，但也相對得牽制了國軍反攻故土的最後一線希望；可是，蔣介石卻一直自欺欺人，至死還揚言要「光復大陸」，直到蔣經國接掌總統後，尼克森總統迫不及待與北京當局大和解，接任之卡特總統則更進一步宣布與台灣斷交，這才使得雙方當年簽訂的「干涉中國內政」之《共同防禦條約》，在與中華民國斷交一年之後的一九八零年元旦，依據合約規定正式終止。美軍協防台灣的司令部（United States Taiwan Defense Command），則早於一九七九年的四月二十六日舉行最後一次降旗典禮，第七艦隊「協防」台灣始劃下休止符，但美國迄今實質上依舊執行「保護」台澎領域，形成國際間最為特殊的外交關係。

發佈日期： 2013-06-26 16:07:47 蔡漢勳 美軍撤台30年　第七艦隊官兵再來台 ~!!! http://60-199-249-8.static.tfn.net.tw/news/89734