《胡適留學日記》1915.2.28-1915.6.7《睡美人歌》等等

《胡適留學日記》 作者：胡適

第49章民國四年（1915）二月十八日至六月七日(3)

I feel my self highly honored to read the favorable comments you have given to my letter to The New Republic. I agree with your remark that“a Japanese attempt to assume charge of China will result in a sea of trouble, and we hope Japan has statesmen who can see it”. I strongly believe that any attempt to establish a Japanese directorship in China is no more and no less than sowing the seeds of disturbance and bloodshed in China for the countless years to come． Whosoever advocates that policy shall live to see that great catastrophe befall China and mankind. Have we not seen anti-Japanese sentiments already prevailing in China？

I thank you for your sympathetic attitude toward my country.

　　Ithaca，March 3

　　SuhHu

〔中譯〕致《標準郵報》（西雷寇）書

　　主筆先生：

余日前投書《新共和國周報》，此書得到足下之好評，余實深感榮幸。對足下之所言，余深表贊同：“日本企圖控制中國，其結局必定是引火燒身，我們希望日本能有有識之政治家看到這一點。”余堅信，任何想要在中國搞日本人統治之企圖，無異於在中國播下騷亂和流血的種子，未來的一段歲月中國將雞犬不寧。不管是誰，他若倡導此種政策，定會看到中國和人類將遭受一場浩劫。君不見反日的仇恨已燃遍了神州大地麼？

足下對吾國取同情之態度，余深表謝意。

　　胡適

　　綺色佳，3月3日

此余致The Post-Standard（《標準郵報》）書，即致The Outlook（《外觀報》）書之大意也。本城晚報The Ithaca Journal（《綺色佳晚報》）亦轉載吾書。吾甚欲人之載之，非以沽名，欲人之知吾所持主義也。

　　一五、往見塔夫脫

　　（三月五日）

往見塔夫脫氏於休曼校長之家，詢以對於中日交涉持何見解。塔氏言近來頗未註意遠東外交，故不能有所評論。此孔氏所謂“知之為知之，不知為不知”。未可非也。

塔氏與休氏皆屬共和黨，故​​不滿意於威爾遜政府之外交政策。塔氏言此邦外交政策之失敗，無過於美政府之令美國銀行團退出六國借款，自言：“余與諾克司（國務卿）費幾許經營，始得令美國團之加入（塔氏自言曾親致書與前清攝政王，告以美國團加入之利益，攝政王善之，始有加入之舉）；而威爾遜一旦破壞之，坐令美國在中國之勢力著著失敗，今但能坐視中國之為人摧殘耳！”此事是非，一時未可遽定。我則袒威爾遜者也，因為之辯護曰：“現政府（威爾遜）之意蓋在省事。”塔氏大笑曰：“欲省事而事益多；自有國以來，未有今日之多事者也。”余戲曰：“此所謂'The irony of fate'者非歟？”塔氏又笑曰：“我則謂為誤事之結果耳。”

塔氏自述其東遊事甚有味，以其無關宏旨，故不記。

塔氏是一個好人，惟不足任一國之重耳。

　　一六、韓人金鉉九之苦學

　　（三月七日）

吾友韓人金鉉九君自西美來此，力作自給，卒不能撐持，遂決計暫時輟學，他往工作，俟有所積蓄，然後重理學業，今夜來告別，執手黯然。

韓人對於吾國期望甚切，今我自顧且不暇，負韓人矣。

　　一七、可敬愛之工讀學生

　　（三月七日）

眼中最可敬愛之人，乃此邦之半工半讀之學生。其人皆好學不厭之士，乃一校之砥柱，一國之命脈。吾輩對之焉敢不生敬愛之心而益自激勵乎？

　　一八、紐約公共藏書樓

　　（三月八日）

紐約公共藏書樓於今年正月一月之中，凡假出書籍一百萬冊有奇，可謂盛矣。此邦之藏書樓無地無之。紐約之藏書樓共有支部四十三所。計去年一年中：

　　在樓中閱書者凡六十二萬餘人

　　假出之書凡八百八十三萬冊

在樓中翻閱之書凡一百九十五萬冊

　　藏書凡分二種：

一、參考部（備讀者在樓中參考之用，不能取出）凡1，251，208冊

二、流通部（可以假出）凡1，019，165冊

一九〇一年，卡匿奇氏捐金五百二十萬為紐約城造流通藏書室支部之用，而紐約市政府助其買建築地之費，今之支部林立，費皆出於此。

　　一九、理想中之藏書樓

　　（三月八日）

吾歸國後，每至一地，必提倡一公共藏書樓。在里則將建績溪閱書社，在外則將建皖南藏書樓、安​​徽藏書樓。然後推而廣之，乃提倡一中華民國國立藏書樓，以比英之British Museum，法之Bibliotheque National，美之Library of Congress，亦報國之一端也。

　　二〇、夢想與理想

　　（三月八日）

夢想作大事業，人或笑之，以為無益。其實不然。天下多少事業，皆起於一二人之夢想。今日大患，在於無夢想之人耳。

　　嘗謂歐人長處在敢於理想。其理想所凝集，往往托諸“烏托邦”（Utopia）。柏拉圖之Republic（《理想國》），倍根之New Atlantis（《新亞特蘭蒂斯》），穆爾（Thomas More）之Utopia（《烏托邦》），聖阿格司丁（St. Augustine）之City of God （《上帝城》），康德之Kingdom of Ends（《論萬物之終結》）及其Eternal Peace（《太平論》），皆烏托邦也。烏托邦者，理想中之至治之國，雖不能至，心響往焉。今日科學之昌明，有遠過倍根夢想中之《郅治國》者，三百年間事耳。今日之民主政體雖不能如康德所期，然有非柏拉圖兩千四百年前所能夢及者矣。七十年前（一八四二），詩人鄧耐生有詩云：

(http://www.bartleby.com/42/636.html

636. Locksley Hall

Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892))

　　

When I dipt into the future far as human eye could see;	15
Saw the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be.—
In the Spring a fuller crimson comes upon the robin’s breast;
In the Spring the wanton lapwing gets himself another crest;
In the Spring a livelier iris changes on the burnish’d dove;
In the Spring a young man’s fancy lightly turns to thoughts of love.	20
Then her cheek was pale and thinner than should be for one so young,
And her eyes on all my motions with a mute observance hung.
And I said, “My cousin Amy, speak, and speak the truth to me,
Trust me, cousin, all the current of my being sets to thee.”
On her pallid cheek and forehead came a colour and a light,	25
As I have seen the rosy red flushing in the northern night.
And she turn’d—her bosom shaken with a sudden storm of sighs—
All the spirit deeply dawning in the dark of hazel eyes—
Saying, “I have hid my feelings, fearing they should do me wrong;”
Saying, “Dost thou love me, cousin?” weeping, “I have loved thee long.”	30
Love took up the glass of Time, and turn’d it in his glowing hands;
Every moment, lightly shaken, ran itself in golden sands.
Love took up the harp of Life, and smote on all the chords with might;
Smote the chord of Self, that, trembling, pass’d in music out of sight.
Many a morning on the moorland did we hear the copses ring,	35
And her whisper throng’d my pulses with the fullness of the Spring.
Many an evening by the waters did we watch the stately ships,
And our spirits rush’d together at the touching of the lips.
O my cousin, shallow-hearted! O my Amy, mine no more!
O the dreary, dreary moorland! O the barren, barren shore!	40
Falser than all fancy fathoms, falser than all songs have sung,
Puppet to a father’s threat, and servile to a shrewish tongue!
Is it well to wish thee happy? having known me—to decline
On a range of lower feelings and a narrower heart than mine!
Yet it shall be: thou shalt lower to his level day by day,	45
What is fine within thee growing coarse to sympathize with clay.
As the husband is, the wife is: thou art mated with a clown,
And the grossness of his nature will have weight to drag thee down.
He will hold thee, when his passion shall have spent its novel force,
Something better than his dog, a little dearer than his horse.	50
What is this? his eyes are heavy: think not they are glazed with wine.
Go to him: it is thy duty: kiss him: take his hand in thine.
It may be my lord is weary, that his brain is over-wrought:
Soothe him with thy finer fancies, touch him with thy lighter thought.
He will answer to the purpose, easy things to understand—	55
Better thou wert dead before me, tho’ I slew thee with my hand!
Better thou and I were lying, hidden from the heart’s disgrace,
Roll’d in one another’s arms, and silent in a last embrace.
Cursed be the social wants that sin against the strength of youth!
Cursed be the social lies that warp us from the living truth!	60
Cursed be the sickly forms that err from honest Nature’s rule!
Cursed be the gold that gilds the straiten’d forehead of the fool!
Well—’tis well that I should bluster!—Hadst thou less unworthy proved—
Would to God—for I had loved thee more than ever wife was loved.
Am I mad, that I should cherish that which bears but bitter fruit?	65
I will pluck it from my bosom, tho’ my heart be at the root.
Never, tho’ my mortal summers to such length of years should come
As the many-winter’d crow that leads the clanging rookery home.
Where is comfort? in division of the records of the mind?
Can I part her from herself, and love her, as I knew her, kind?	70
I remember one that perish’d: sweetly did she speak and move:
Such a one do I remember, whom to look at was to love.
Can I think of her as dead, and love her for the love she bore?
No—she never loved me truly: love is love for evermore.
Comfort? comfort scorn’d of devils! this is truth the poet sings,	75
That a sorrow’s crown of sorrow is remembering happier things.
Drug thy memories, lest thou learn it, lest thy heart be put to proof,
In the dead unhappy night, and when the rain is on the roof.
Like a dog, he hunts in dreams, and thou art staring at the wall,
Where the dying night-lamp flickers, and the shadows rise and fall.	80
Then a hand shall pass before thee, pointing to his drunken sleep,
To thy widow’d marriage-pillows, to the tears that thou wilt weep.
Thou shalt hear the “Never, never,” whisper’d by the phantom years,
And a song from out the distance in the ringing of thine ears;
And an eye shall vex thee, looking ancient kindness on thy pain.	85
Turn thee, turn thee on thy pillow: get thee to thy rest again.
Nay, but Nature brings thee solace; for a tender voice will cry.
’Tis a purer life than thine; a lip to drain thy trouble dry.
Baby lips will laugh me down: my latest rival brings thee rest.
Baby fingers, waxen touches, press me from the mother’s breast.	90
O, the child too clothes the father with a dearness not his due.
Half is thine and half is his: it will be worthy of the two.
O, I see thee old and formal, fitted to thy petty part,
With a little hoard of maxims preaching down a daughter’s heart.
“They were dangerous guides the feelings—she herself was not exempt—	95
Truly, she herself had suffer’d”—Perish in thy self-contempt!
Overlive it—lower yet—be happy! wherefore should I care?
I myself must mix with action, lest I wither by despair.
What is that which I should turn to, lighting upon days like these?
Every door is barr’d with gold, and opens but to golden keys.	100
Every gate is throng’d with suitors, all the markets overflow.
I have but an angry fancy: what is that which I should do?
I had been content to perish, falling on the foeman’s ground,
When the ranks are roll’d in vapour, and the winds are laid with sound.
But the jingling of the guinea helps the hurt that Honour feels,	105
And the nations do but murmur, snarling at each other’s heels.
Can I but relive in sadness? I will turn that earlier page.
Hide me from my deep emotion, O thou wondrous Mother-Age!
Make me feel the wild pulsation that I felt before the strife,
When I heard my days before me, and the tumult of my life;	110
Yearning for the large excitement that the coming years would yield,
Eager-hearted as a boy when first he leaves his father’s field,
And at night along the dusky highway near and nearer drawn,
Sees in heaven the light of London flaring like a dreary dawn;
And his spirit leaps within him to be gone before him then,	115
Underneath the light he looks at, in among the throngs of men:
Men, my brothers, men the workers, ever reaping something new:
That which they have done but earnest of the things that they shall do:
For I dipt into the future, far as human eye could see,
Saw the Vision of the world, and all the wonder that would be;	120
Saw the heavens fill with commerce, argosies of magic sails,
Pilots of the purple twilight, dropping down with costly bales;
Heard the heavens fill with shouting, and there rain’d a ghastly dew
From the nations’ airy navies grappling in the central blue;
Far along the world-wide whisper of the south-wind rushing warm,	125
With the standards of the peoples plunging thro’ the thunder-storm;
Till the war-drum throbb’d no longer, and the battle-flags were furl’d
In the Parliament of man, the Federation of the world.

〔中譯〕吾曾探究未來，憑眼極力遠眺，

望見世界之遠景，望見將會出現之種種奇蹟；

看到空中貿易不斷，玄妙之航隊穿梭往來，

駕紫色暮靄之飛行者紛紛降落，攜帶昂貴之貨品；

聽到天上充滿吶喊聲，交戰各國之艦隊在藍天中央廝殺，

　　降下一陣可怖之露水；

同時，在遍及全世界之和煦南風奏響之颯颯聲中，

在雷電之轟鳴聲中，各民族之軍旗勇往直前；

　　直到鳴金收兵，直到戰旗息偃，

息偃在全人類之議會裡，在全世界之聯邦裡。

　　--《洛克斯利田莊》

　　在當時句句皆夢想也。而七十年來，前數句皆成真境，獨末二語未驗耳。然吾人又安知其果不能見諸實際乎？

天下無不可為之事，無不可見諸實際之理想。電信也，電車也，汽機也，無線電也，空中飛行也，海​​底戰鬥也，皆數十年前夢想所不及者也，今都成實事矣。理想家念此可以興矣。

吾國先秦諸子皆有烏托邦：老子、莊子、列子皆懸想一郅治之國；孔子之小康大同，尤為卓絕古今。漢儒以還，思想滯塞，無敢作烏托邦之想者，而一國之思想遂以不進。吾之以烏托邦之多寡，卜思想之盛衰，有以也夫！

　　二一、貝爾博士逸事

　　（三月八日）

下所記電話發明家貝爾博士逸事一則，亦天下無不可為之事之一證也。

It is seldom that an inventor sees so fully the complete fruition of his labors as in the case of Dr. Alexander Graham Bell. In 1875, he first talked a short distance of a few feet over his epoch-making invention, the telephone. Last week he spoke to his assistant in his first experiments, Mr.Thomas W. Watson, clear across the American continent. Mr.Bell spoke in New York; his voice was clear audible to his hearer in San Francisco, a distance of 3,400 miles. This development of the telephone in long distance use brings it again before the public as one of the greatest wonders of a marvelous era of invention.

〔中譯〕世上之發明家，很少有像亞歷山大·格雷厄姆·貝爾博士那樣能完全享受到自己的勞動果實。 1875年，他第一次用他的創世紀發明--電話，向一個只有幾英尺遠的地方講話。上週，他與他的首次實驗的助手--托馬斯·W·華生先生通電話，聲音清晰地穿過美洲大陸。貝爾先生在紐約打電話，他的助手在三千四百英里之外的舊金山，清楚地聽到了貝爾的說話聲。在此奇妙之發明時代，遠距離電話作為一項偉大的奇蹟，終於問世了。

　　二二、《睡美人歌》

（三年十二月1914.12作，四年三月十五日1915.3.15追記）

拿破崙大帝嘗以睡獅譬中國，謂睡獅醒時，世界應為震悚。百年以來，世人爭道斯語，至今未衰。余以為以睡獅喻吾國，不如以睡美人比之之切也。歐洲古代神話相傳：有國君女，具絕代姿，一日觸神巫之怒，巫以術幽之塔上，令長睡百年，以刺薔薇鎖塔，人無敢入者。有武士犯刺薔薇而入，得睡美人，一吻而醒，遂為夫婦。英詩人鄧耐生詠其事，有句云：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleeping_Beauty

Tennyson's In Memoriam: Its Purpose and Its Structure; a Study

https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=qSyqMSTEvrEC

John Franklin Genung - 1884

In the poet's most casual thoughts, " He seems to hear a Heavenly Friend, And ... a pleasant thing To fall asleep with all one's friends; To pass with all our social ...

　　〔中譯〕啊，和吾友同入夢鄉

　　豈不是樂事一樁；

　　拋開一切世俗之紛擾，

　　從人境遁入靜謐之夢境，

　　每次沉睡百年後醒來，

　　洞悉世情后又昏昏睡去；

　　在睡夢中度過一次次大戰，

　　醒時科學已有長足之進展，

　　大腦和星星之秘密，

　　如神話傳說般的荒蕪；

　　除此之外歲月將展示，

　　時序女神詩人般的氣質，

　　泱泱之共和國可以，

　　發展成聯盟和列強；

　　在若干時期和若干地域，

　　巨大之力量正在崛起乎？

　　因為吾人乃文明古國之人，

　　處於時代之黎明時分。

　　就這樣沉睡，就這樣醒來，

　　度過一個個燦爛新奇之十年，

　　或者每隔愉快的五年，

　　吾人採摘鮮花，汲取精華。

　　此詩句句切中吾國史事。矧東方文明古國，他日有所貢獻於世界，當在文物風教，而不在武力，吾故曰睡獅之喻不如睡美人之切也。作《睡美人歌》以祝吾祖國之前途。

　　東方絕代姿，百年久濃睡。一朝西風起，穿幃侵玉臂。
　　碧海揚洪波，紅樓醒佳麗。昔年時世裝，長袖高螺髻。
　　可憐夢迴日，一一與世戾。畫眉異深淺，出門受訕刺。
       殷勤遣群侍，買珠入城市；東市易宮衣，西市問新制。
　　歸來奉佳人，百倍舊姝媚。裝成齊起舞，“主君壽百歲”！

此詩吾以所擬句讀法句讀之，此吾以新法句讀韻文之第一次也。 （句讀今改用通行標點，廿三年三月。）

　　二三、《告馬斯》詩重改稿

　　（三月十九夜）

世界戰雲正急，而東方消息又復大惡。余則堅持鎮靜主義。上星期讀康德之《太平論》（Zum Ewigen Frieden），為作《康德之國際道德學說》一文。連日百忙中又偷閒改作數月前所作《告馬斯》一詩（見卷八第六則）。前作用二巨人故實，頗限於體制，不能暢達，故改作之，亦無聊中之韻事也。