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1959.3.8 胡適晚上去陽明山莊德來大使*處，見到 George H. Rockwell 夫婦、 Dr. David Rowe、Mr. & Mrs. Prescott。談到十時半。
(hc：胡頌平在Rockwell 和10時2處都記錯)
*第3天來信：我們晚夜聽了先生兩小時的談話，是我們生平位有的享受。
1959.12 Dr. David Rowe 到南港找胡先生談話。
---1952
Yale Professor David N. Rowe has become "infected with the denunciatory virus which is epidemic this year along the Potomac," declared John K. Fairbank '29, professor of History, last night.
Fairbank Hits Rowe of Yale For Charges | News | The Harvard Crimson
*****1964
He suggested a three-pronged assault on the Chinese Communists from Taiwan. Korea and Vietnam. He expressed belief such synchronized assaults would trigger a general uprising on the mainland and quickly topple the Peiping regime.
Dr. Rowe expressed fear that all Southeast Asia will be lost to Communism if the United Slates fails to adopt a bold and imaginative policy to destroy Chinese Communism.
The month in Free China
Publication Date: November 01, 1978 |
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Tens of thousands of overseas Chinese came to Taiwan for the double Tenth and other October-November holidays. (File photo)
The Republic of China celebrated its 67th National Day on October 10. More than 20,000 overseas Chinese from every continent joined in the celebration.
In a congratulatory message, President Chiang Ching-kuo said:
"The Double Tenth National Day has many meanings. This is a festival to be celebrated and at the same time a revelation of our responsibility. It goads us to action and inspires us to succeed. Because this National Day is celebrated as the 50th anniversary of victory in the Northward Expedition and national reunification, our perceptions are deeper and clearer than ever before.
"Today, our enemies, the Chinese Communists, are yet to be destroyed and the undertow of appeasement still persists in the world. So our nation and people are faced with harder and sterner tests. The huge responsibility of meeting these challenges rests squarely on the shoulders of each Chinese son and daughter at home or abroad who upholds freedom and democracy and opposes Communism and slavery. All the conscientious and righteous offspring of Chinese ancestors are bound to follow in the footsteps of our courageous and unconquerable forefathers and national martyrs and to undertake any sacrifice in our sacred cause by taking up the responsibility for struggle against Communism and for national recovery.
"The overall goal of the National Revolution in the present stage is to carry out the Three Principles of the People and recover the Chinese mainland. This will extend the structure and accomplishments of our benevolent government and the progress made in our bastion of national recovery to every corner of the mainland, enabling all of our compatriots to enjoy freedom, democracy, peace and happiness with us and to rearm themselves with the spiritual strength of Chinese culture. "
A big military parade highlighted the Double Tenth celebration. Participants included officers and men of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Combined Service and Garrison forces; fighters from the frontlines of Kinmen and Matsu; reservists from Taiwan; and outstanding people serving the nation on various fronts.
The cynosure was new domestically made missiles named "Hsiung Feng." According to the Ministry of National Defense, these missiles are nearly 100 per cent accurate. They will be mounted on warships.
No matter how the world may change, freedom will finally prevail over violence, and the free world will defeat the Communist world, President Chiang Ching-kuo told a commentator of the Korean Broadcasting System.
Following is the text of questions by Kim Hai Hong, commentator of the Korean Broadcasting System, and the answers by President Chiang:
Q. First of all may I congratulate you on Your Excellency's assumption of the presidency of the Republic of China and thank you for your kindness for granting me this interview. Would you tell me what is your basic policy after taking up the presidency?
A. Thank you for your congratulations, Mr. Kim. Let me explain the fundamental policy of the Republic of China in four points:
1. We will never change the national system stipulated in the Constitution of the Republic of China.
2. We will never abandon our goal of opposing Communism for national recovery.
3. We will always stand on the side of the democratic camp and will never join up with any Communist regime or bloc.
4. We will never make peace with the bogus Chinese Communist regime that occupies the Chinese mainland. We will fight to the finish to attain our goal of national reunification.
Q. Your Excellency, what is your policy for national development and national recovery? What is the future goal of the country?
A. Our national development requires a long-range program, so we have formulated long-range goals. On the one hand, we will enable the people in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu to lead a life of freedom and prosperity, and on the other hand we will tell our compatriots on the mainland that they can get rid of Communist rule only by pursuing the free way of life. We are using this political call to awaken our mainland compatriots to resist the Communist regime. We also have the ultimate goal of carrying out Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People, unifying China and establishing a free, equitable and strong Republic of China.
Q. What is Your Excellency's assessment and view with regard to the current changes in the Chinese Communist regime, including Hua Kuo-feng's acceding to power and the adoption of a pragmatic line?
A. At the moment, the Chinese Communists face immense domestic problems, politically, economically and militarily. To maintain their rule, they have to accept an internal compromise, but this compromise is temporary, not permanent. Eventually, serious conflicts will erupt within the regime. They are now clamoring for "modernization," but modernization must be based on freedom. Without freedom, there will be no modernization. There can be none under despotic and tyrannical rule. They are using the "modernization" slogan to deceive and placate the people on the mainland.
Q. Do you think there is a really substantive conflict between Moscow and Peking? If so, what is Your Excellency's position. If not, what is your explanation?
A. It is basically wrong to assume that the conflict between Moscow and Peiping is one between two countries and two peoples. This is really a struggle for leadership between two Communist parties. There is no question of nation and people, but a rivalry for leadership of the international Communist movement. Because the struggle for leadership is decisive to their survival, the Chinese Communists will carry it on to the end. This life or-death struggle shows that their internal schism is irreparable.
Q. What is your view of U.S. withdrawal of its ground forces from Korea? Do you think this move will affect the security of Korea and the stability of the whole of Northeast Asia?
A. The security of Korea is related not only to the security of Asia but also that of all the world. The United States should not reduce its military presence in Korea. To the contrary, it should increase its military strength to prevent the southward advance of the Communist force.
Q. The international political structure has undergone rapid change. What is your view of the future development of world order?
A. It is true the world is changing rapidly. We may also say it is changing constantly. But basically we must understand that no matter how it changes, the situation is still a struggle between Communism and anti-Communism, between slavery and anti-slavery and between tyranny and freedom. We Chinese, and I think all Orientals, are convinced that justice will prevail. No matter how the world may change, we believe freedom will prevail over violence and the free world will defeat the Communist world.
Q. The economic developments of your country and my country have won worldwide acclaim. What are the main elements of these developments?
A. The rapid and successful economic development of the Republic of Korea in the last few years is a result of first, the strong leadership of President Park Chung Hee, second, the meticulous long-range planning, and third, the hard work of the Korean people and their support of the government. So I believe your economic success is also your political success.
Q. How is your view of President Park's able leadership in endlessly seeking economic growth and national security?
A. The government and people of the Republic of China were happy to see President Park's election and re-election. We have been gratified at President Park's outstanding contributions not only to the national development of the Republic or' Korea but also to the security and peace of Asia. I am convinced that under President Park's continuing leadership, the Republic of Korea will become stronger and more stable. He deserves my special congratulations.
Q. What is your view of the interrelationship among political stability, economic development and political leadership?
A. Economy and politics are indivisible. The goal of economic development is to fulfill the political objective; politics is the motive power for economic development. We are undertaking well-planned economic development with a prescribed goal. We may also say this is a program for the country and the people. So we believe there are four important elements in national development: economy, politics, education and national defense. A country can become strong only after these four elements are forged into one.
Q. As the Republics of China and Korea have common interests and fortune, would you tell me how the two nations should strengthen their cooperation to ensure their mutual interest?
A. The Republic of Korea and the Republic of China have a common ground in almost everything, but especially in thought, philosophy and social concept. These have been the cornerstones of our close cooperation in the past. As we have laid a firm foundation for cooperation, I am convinced that despite today's changing world situation and many mutual problems, our two countries will be able to further cooperation and strengthen friendly relations with the passing of each day.
Q. This year is the 30th anniversary of the founding of the Republic of Korea. Do you have any congratulatory message to the people of Korea?
A. In 30 years of hard struggle, the Republic of Korea has had times of success and times of adversity. In both success and adversity, Korea can be proud of itself. The Republic of Korea has never faltered in its struggle for independence, unification and freedom. The hard struggle of these 30 years has convinced the government and people of the Republic of Korea that victory is inevitable. I am sure that under President Park's able leadership the people of the Republic of Korea will turn back Communist aggression and ultimately attain the goal of national unification.
Mr. Kim: I am grateful to Your Excellency for granting me this audience despite your heavy workload. Let me thank you again and wish you good health and prosperity for the Republic of China under Your Excellency's leadership.
A. It is a pleasure for me to be interviewed by the Korean Broadcasting System, because the interview has given us an opportunity to exchange our views. Thank you, Mr. Kim.
Dr. David Rowe, professor emeritus of Yale University, said the U.S. government's position is based on illusions.
In a Taipei lecture on "U.S. China Policy," the American scholar predicted a boomerang effect if the U.S. government is so misguided as to take even one step forward to accomplish so-called "normalization" with the Peiping regime.
Dr. Rowe said that under the strong advocacy of Dr. Zbigniew Brzezinski, the U.S. president's assistant for national security affairs, President Carter seems to seek a link with the mainland regime so as to achieve a balance of power in Asia.
Neither Brzezinski nor Carter knows the Communists, Rowe said, and especially not the nature of the Chinese Communists.
How can a balanced situation be reached in this part of the world, Dr. Rowe asked.
Does the United States really want to come to the rescue when the Soviet Union starts an invasion from the north, he inquired, supposing the United States agrees to "normalize relations" with Peiping under the bitter terms of terminating diplomatic ties with the Republic of China, withdrawing its forces from Taiwan and ending the mutual defense treaty.
"Never," Dr. Rowe answered. The United States is not so stupid as to give all the hardware of the U.S. army and half of its air force to the Chinese Communists to defend their frontline.
Even if the United States were willing to do so, the Soviet Union would begin a preventive blitz attack before the Peiping regime was ready.
Dr. Rowe ruled out the possibility of nuclear war. He estimated the ratio of nuclear strength between Russia and the Peiping regime as 1,000 to 1.
On the other hand, Dr. Rowe said, if the United States withdraws its forces from the Taiwan Straits, or any other strategic spot in Asia, the Soviets will immediately try to fill the power vacuum.
Dr. Rowe warned that even if the Chinese Communists became much stronger with long-term help from the United States, they would one day run back to the Soviet embrace because to "bury the U.S. imperialists" is the unchanged target of the Communist world.
Dr. Rowe suggested that the United States should strengthen its forces in the Republic of Korea, the Republic of China and the Philippines.
He also said the United States should maintain the status quo in this part of the world and not do anything to damage its own interests or those of its allies.
Free China is an indispensable link in the chain of defense for the free world in the Western Pacific, Governor Meldrim Thomson of New Hampshire told the Veterans of Foreign Wars National Convention at Dallas, Texas.
Governor Thomson described the ROC as a "true old friend" and said it plays a vital role in the defense of the Western Pacific. His speech was published in the Congressional Record.
"We can abandon Nationalist China to Red China only at the risk of driving Korea and Japan into the arms of Communism," he said.
Thomson, who heads the American Conservative Caucus, attended the inauguration of President Chiang Ching-kuo in Taipei last May 20.
Seyom Brown, professor of politics at Brandeis University, expressed belief that the United States would not be able to use the "normalization" of Washington-Peiping relations as a lever against the Soviet Union.
Brown said that it is doubtful that the prospect of "full diplomatic recognition" of Peiping constitutes much of a lever on Soviet behavior. The Russians have been expecting the United States to "normalize."
Brown opposes use of technology transfers to Communist China as a lever against the Kremlin.
Professor Brown voiced his views in Foreign Policy quarterly, a publication of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
U. S. Senators and Representatives of both Republican and Democratic parties expressed the great importance they attach to U.S. ties with the Republic of China.
These Congressmen, liberals as well as conservatives, made their views known in letters to author and commentator Edward L. Lai and a group of 81 other Chinese of various professions who had written to cite the danger of rushing to "recognize" Peiping as a countervailing move against Soviet expansion and intransigence.
Senators Jake Garn (R-Utah) and S.I. Hayakawa (R-Calif.) said they do not support U.S. "diplomatic recognition" of the Peiping regime.
Garn said: "The United States should not 'normalize' relations with Communist China, if doing so would mean the abandonment of Taiwan."
Hayakawa said: "I firmly believe that we must maintain a strong, supporting relationship with our friend and ally, the Republic of China. I do not support the diplomatic recognition of the 'People's Republic of China.' "
Many others stressed the importance of maintaining ties with the Republic of China and adhering to the Mutual Defense Treaty.
Senator Birch Bayh (D-Ind.) said: "I agree with you that we must maintain our ties with Taiwan."
Senator John G. Tower (D-Texas) said: "The Mutual Defense Treaty has served our mutual interests for so many years and is in my view an important aspect of U.S. security interests in the Far East. I would unalterably oppose its abrogation or denial by the United States. In addressing U.S. foreign policy interests in Asia, I will continue to strongly oppose any weakening of the bonds which have for so many years existed between Taiwan and the U.S."
Senator George McGovern (D-S.D.) said: "Whatever resolution is reached. I cannot imagine acceptance here of any agreement which would Imperil the people of Taiwan. Just recently, I supported an amendment to the Security Assistance Bill which called for advance consultation with the Senate on 'any proposed policy changes affecting the continuation in force of the U.S. Republic of China Mutual Defense Treaty.' "
Senator Jacob Javits (R-N.Y.) said: "Taiwan is a strategic component of U.S. security in North Asia and the Western Pacific basin." He said "the security and well-being of the people of Taiwan" are in the best interests of the United States.
Senator Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz.) again has warned President Jimmy Carter that a unilateral decision to abrogate the U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty of 1954 with the Republic of China "would subject the nation to a constitutional crisis."
In a statement to the U.S. Senate, Goldwater reiterated that under the U.S. constitution the decision to terminate a treaty is a joint one shared by the president and Senate or Congress.
The senator submitted the statement to refute a theory advanced by Professor Jerome Cohen of Harvard University Law School that the president has the unilaterally power to break the defense treaty or to determine that it has lapsed upon U.S. recognition of the Peiping regime.
"I believe the proposition argued by Professor Cohen is a dangerous innovation in American constitutional law and practice," said Senator Goldwater.
"I believe Professor Cohen has failed to recognize that there is not a single precedent in American history for the abrogation of a defense treaty by the unilateral action of the president.
"Nor is there any example of the president ever having decided that a defense treaty would lapse following a change in diplomatic relations between governments," said Goldwater, who has written a pamphlet on "China and the Abrogation of Treaties" discussing the legal and constitutional problems in detail.
In addition to repeating his theory that the framers of the U.S. constitution did not mean to vest in the president unchecked power to abrogate a treaty, Senator Goldwater said the Mutual Defense Treaty with the Republic of China is only one of many bilateral and multilateral treaties the United States has signed with other countries.
If the language in the defense treaty with the ROC were construed as allowing the president alone to provide notice of its termination, each of the other treaties would be equally hostage to his sole discretion, Goldwater said.
The senator called attention to an amendment to the international security assistance act adopted in July by a 94-0 vote of the Senate. The amendment clearly expresses the sense of the Senate that the constitution requires "prior consultation between the Senate and the executive branch" for any proposed changes in the treaty.
In his opinion, this amendment "was designed specifically to correct any misconception that the treaty would automatically lapse if the administration recognizes Peking."
He said people who are advising President Carter to unilaterally concede to Peiping's demands for the termination of the Mutual Defense Treaty with the Republic of China should take heed of this amendment and the fact that it was adopted by the Senate by a vote of 94 to 0.
"If the president should, contrary to all precedent and in violation of the unanimous declaration by the Senate, attempt to terminate the defense treaty with Taiwan," Goldwater said, "it would subject the country to severe constitutional crisis."
He pointed to the possibility of impeachment proceedings against President Carter in that case. "This is not a threat or prediction of what might happen," said Goldwater, "but it is something any president's adviser should be aware of before any action is taken which would put the president in a serious conflict with the legislative branch over the abuse of power issue."
Licenciado Jose Miguel Alfaro Rodriguez, vice president of the Republic of Costa Rica, and his party visited the Republic of China for six days.
Vice President and Mrs. Shieh Tung-min with Costa Rican Vice President Jose Miguel Alfaro Rodriguez and his wife. (File photo)
In a joint communique, the Costa Rican vice president and Vice President Shieh Tung-min of the Republic of China reaffirmed the friendship of the two countries and reiterated their determination to uphold the principles of international justice, freedom and human dignity.
The communique said in part:
"The two vice presidents reiterated the firm position of their two governments to uphold the principles of international justice, freedom and human dignity. They agreed that all freedom-loving nations should further promote unity among themselves so as to ensure through joint efforts the security and social progress of the free world.
"Both parties reaffirmed the traditional friendship long existing between the two countries. His Excellency Vice President Shieh had high praise for the Republic of Costa Rica as a shining example of democracy as well as for the remarkable progress she has achieved in political, economic, social and educational fields, and reiterated on behalf of the government and people of the Republic of China his deep appreciation for the support and cooperation the Costa Rican Government and people have, throughout the past years, extended to the Republic of China in international affairs.
"His Excellency Vice President Alfaro pointed out that the mission of his visit was to reaffirm, on behalf of his government, the sincere friendship of the Republic of Costa Rica with the government and people of the Republic of China. He further pointed out that the undaunted spirit of the government and people of the Republic of China in fighting for peace and freedom and in defending human dignity has coincided with that of the government and people of Costa Rica, and that in view of the fact that the two countries share the same political ideals, the government of the Republic of Costa Rica would continue to support the political stand of the Republic of China.
"Both parties agreed that their governments would continue to strengthen their cooperation in trade and in the agricultural, industrial and other economic fields. Vice President Alfaro expressed the satisfaction of his government with the results of the agricultural technical cooperation program offered by the Republic of China. He said that the Sino-Costa Rican Economic Cooperation Conference for 1978 held in Taipei was a great success; and he was convinced that the good results of the conference have laid a solid foundation for further strengthening the relations of friendship and cooperation between the two countries in the years to come. He was deeply impressed by what he saw during the visit. He had high praise for the progress and accomplishments that have been registered in all fields in the Republic of China; and he expressed his thanks for the fraternal welcome and generous hospitality extended to him, his wife and his party during their visit by the government and people of the Republic of China."
K.H. Yu, chairman of the Council for Economic Planning and Development, gave a rundown on the Twelve Projects at a meeting of the Kuomintang Central Standing Committee.
This is the status of the Twelve:
- Round-the-island railroad. This includes construction of the Suao-Hualien railroad, widening of the Hualien-Taitung line and building of the Taitung-Pingtung railroad. Work has begun on widening the narrow gauge Hualien-Taitung track to the standard gauge of the rest of the island's lines. Completion is set for June, 1982. Cost will be NT$2,874 million. The 84-kilometer Taitung-Pingtung railroad connecting Taitung on the east coast with Pingtung in the west will be completed by June, 1986, at a cost of NT$5 billion.
- Three cross-island highways totaling 265.6 kilometers to be completed by June, 1985, at a cost of NT$3.68 billion.
- Extension of the North-South Freeway to Pingtung. The 22.6-kilometer highway is already under construction and will be completed by March, 1982, at cost of NT$2,910 million.
- Expansion of the China Steel Corporation.
At a cost of NT$51,034 million, capacity of 1,750,000 metric tons will be added by June, 1982.
- Completion of nuclear power plants 2 and No. 2 will get 985,000-KW generators in 1981 and 1982 at cost of NT$52,692 million. No. 3 will get 951,000-KW generators costing NT$62,870 million in 1984 and 1985.
- Expansion of Taichung Port. The second stage will add facilities to handle 4,500,000 metric tons of cargo annually. Cost will be NT$6,947 million with completion scheduled for October, 1979. The third stage expansion will boost Taichung capacity to 11,000,000 metric tons at additional cost of NT$5,965 million with completion scheduled for October, 1982.
- New towns and housing projects. Five sites have been chosen by the Provincial Government for new towns: Linkou, Nankan in Taoyuan county, Taichung Harbor, Tapingting east of Hsintien and Chengching Lake in Kaohsiung. Cost will be NT$10 billion to accommodate 300,000 people with completion scheduled by the end of 1981. The government plans to build 109,392 housing units at a cost of NT$13,380 million.
- Improvement of irrigation. NT$1,387 million will be spent to repair 2,794 kilometers of irrigation canals between July, 1978, and June, 1981.
- Construction of breakwaters and embankments. The Provincial Government will spend NT$7,570 million to build or repair 61 kilometers of west coast breakwaters and 206 kilometers of embankments.
- Widening of the Pingtung-Qluanpi Highway.The cost will be NT$1,985 million with completion set for June, 1982.
- Farm mechanization. NT$4 billion from the government and matching loans from banks will finance farm mechanization.
- Cultural centers for cities and counties. This project is still on the drawing board.
Government has established a Food and Drug Inspection Bureau under the National Health Administration.
Lin Ming-tao, director of NHA's Pharmaceutical Department, heads the bureau with his current deputy as assistant chief.
Areas of responsibility include inspection of medicine, food, food additives, food containers and packages, and cosmetics; supply of standarized items for comparison; inspection facilities; and training of inspectors.
The bureau departments will inspect general medicines, cosmetics, insecticides and medical equipment; antibiotics and biochemicals; herb medicines; food sanitation; and training of food, medicine and cosmetics inspectors.
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